관 사 (article)
- Uncategorized
- 2006. 7. 8.
관 사 (article)
+-------------------+
| 1. 관사의 용법 |
+-------------------+
1.부정관사의 용법 (Indefinite Article)
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1) one 의 약한 뜻 (해석 않음) 5) per(마다,매) |
| 2) one (하나)의 뜻 6) the same (동일한) |
| 3) any,every의 뜻 7) such (이와같은) |
| 4) a certain (어떤) 8) 기타 |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
1) I want a book.
He is an English teacher.
2) Rome was not built in a day.
A bird in the hand is worth two in bush.
3) A horse is a useful animal.
= The horse is a useful animal.
= Horses are useful animals.
4) A Mr. Kim is waiting to see you.
A Mr. James came to see you.
5) I work eight hours a day.
He writes to me once a month.
6) We are of an age.
= We are (of) the same age.
= Our ages are the same.
Birds of a feather flock together.
7) I am not a man to take bribes.
8) in a hurry, at a loss, all of a sudden
on an average, have a mind to + Root ( - - 하고 싶다)
※ a + 자음 , an + 모음 (뒤에 오는 발음에 주의)
☞ an M.P. an hour, an aunt
a useful aniaml, a union, a European
2. 정관사의 용법 (Definite Article)
정관사의 용법 (1)
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1) 앞에서 언급된 명사 되풀이 |
| 2) 수식어로 한정될 때 (한정의 the) |
| 3) 전후관계로 상대방이 알고 있을 때 |
| 4) 유일 한것 |
| 5) 최상급형용사, 서수, same,very,only, last등에 |
| 6) 시간,수량단위 표시 |
| 7) 전치사 + the + 신체일부 |
| 8) 악기명, 발명품 |
| 9) 대표단수 |
| 10) the + 비교급, the + 비교급 |
| 11) 방위(동서남북) 표시 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
1) Here is a flower. The flower is a rose.
2) What is the price of this book ?
This is the book that I lost yesterday
cf) He is a teacher of our school. (많은 선생님들 중 하나)
3) Please open the window.
4) The sun is larger than the earth.
the world, the Bible, the universe, the sky, the Emperor
5) He is the richest man in this town.
What is the second day of the week ?
6) They are hired by the hour.
Sugar is sold by the pound.
7) +--------------------------------------------------------------+
| catch[ hold, take, seize, grasp] + 사람 + by the 신체일부 |
| strike [knock, beat, pat, hit] + 사람 + on the 신체일부 |
| look [stare] + 사람 + in the 신체일부 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
8) He played the piano after school. He invented the radio.
9) The dog is a faithful animal.
10) The more one has, the more one wants.
11) Turn to the right.
정관사의 용법 (2)
+---------------------------------------------+
| 1) the + 형용사 → 복수보통명사 |
| 2) the + 형용사 → 추상명사 |
| 3) the + 보통명사 → 추상명사 |
| 4) the + 복수명사는 전체를 나타냄 |
| 5) 형용사를 가진 고유명사 앞에서 |
| 6) such 또는 so의 뜻으로 |
| 7) 관용적 용법 |
+---------------------------------------------+
1) The rich are not always happier than the poor.
None but the brave deserve the fair.
2) He would often leave the right to pursue the expedient.
3) The pen is mightier than the sword.
4) They are the pictures of his own painting.
cf) They are (some) pictures of his own painting.
5) the noble Brutus
the virgin Mary
Alexander the Great
6) He is not the man to turn his back on a friend in need.
(= He is not such a man as will turn - - )
Will you have the goodness to show me the way ?
(= Will you be so good as to show - - - )
7) +----------------------------------------------------------+
|in the day time in the morning in the rain |
|in the distance in the way(방해되어) on the way |
|on the whole in the main (대체로) |
|to the point in the country |
|in the right (wrong) |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
The question is how to put the right man in the right place.
Your answer is not to the point. (요령있는,적절한)
※ 고유명사는 원칙적으로 관사 안붙임. 다음 경우에 예외로 the 붙임.
+----------------------------------------------+
| ① 신문, 잡지, 서적, 기타 정기간행물 |
| ② 선박, 철도, 항공기명 |
| ③ 병원,공공시설,관청 |
| ④ 강,바다,운하,해협 |
| ⑤ 반도,산맥, 군도, 복수형 국명 |
| ⑥ 가족, 국민 |
| ⑦ 고유명사에 형용사 올때 |
+----------------------------------------------+
① the Reader's Digest, the Oxford English Dictionary
② the May Flower, the Honamsun, the KAL
③ the Red Cross Hospital, the White House
④ the Thames, the Pacific, the Suez Canal, the Korean Straits
⑤ the Iberian Penisula, the Alps, the Philippiness
⑥ the Carnegies, the English
⑦ the famous Napoleon, the ambitious Caesar,the honest John
☞ 인명 앞에 일상적 형용사 올 때 무관사
Cruel Negro, Old Jack, Great Napoleon
☞ 공원, 정거장,거리,관청,호수, 만 등 공공건물,시설등이 고유명사의 이름을
동반할 때도 [the] 를 붙이지 않음.
Seoul Station, Hide Park, Wall Street, Madison Square,
London Bridge, Lake Como, Hudson Bay
+------------------+
| 3. 관사의 생략 |
+------------------+
관사의 생략 (1)
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| ① 호격 |
| ② 자기가족을 나타내는 명사(주로 대문자) |
| ③ 관직 신분표시가 ㉠ 고유명사 앞에서 칭호 처럼 쓰일 때 |
| ㉡ 고유명사 뒤에서 동격으로 쓰일 때 |
| ㉢ 불완전 동사의 보어로 쓰일 때 |
| ④ 양보구문에서 동사의 보어(N)가 문두에 올 때 |
| ⑤ man, woman이 일반인을 나타낼 때 |
| ⑥ 교통,통신 수단 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
① Boys, be quiet !
② Father is out, but Mother is at home.
Baby is sleeping in the cradle.
③ ㉠ President Reagan, Queen Elizabeth
㉡ Kennedy, President of the United States.
Mr.Kim Mayor of Seoul
㉢ They elected him President.
He was appointed Governor. (지사로 임명 되었다)
④ Woman as she is, she is strong.
(= Though she is a woman, she is strong)
⑤ Man is stronger than woman.
Man must change in a changing world.
⑥+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| air bicycle = on a bicycle |
| | plane = on a plane | bus = in a bus |
| by | steamer by | car = in a car |
| train express (급행으로) |
| |
| sea word of mouth(구두로) |
| | coach | telegram |
| by | taxi = in a taxi by | letter |
| | ship = on a ship | cable |
| | land | telephone |
| mail wireless (무선으로) |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
관사의 생략 (2)
+---------------------------------------------------+
| ⑦ 두개의 명사가 대조적으로 쓰일 때 |
| ⑧ 식사 이름, 병명, 운동 |
| ⑨ 명사가 실물이 아닌 다만 명칭으로 쓰일 때 |
| ⑩ 장소표시가 본래의 목적으로 쓰일 때 |
+---------------------------------------------------+
⑦ man and wife side by side arm in arm
from door to door from hand to mouth face to face
father and son day and night
⑧ He was late for supper.
I am suffering from cancer.
She plays tennis after school.
⑨ the rank of major (소령이라는 계급)
⑩ +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| in school (재학중) at the school (학교에서) |
| at school (수업중) go to school (공부하러 가다) |
| |
| in hospital (입원중) go to church |
| go to hospital (입원하다) go to the church |
| in the hospital(병원에서) at table |
| out of hospital(퇴원하다) at the table |
| |
| at sea (항해중) in prison(복역중) |
| go to sea (선원이 되다) go to prison(복역하다) |
| go to the sea go to the prison |
| |
| in bed(잠자고 있는) go to market (물건사러가다) |
| go to bed |
| go to the bed |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
cf) Tom goes to school at seven every morning.
Tom's mother went to the school to see Tom.
※ 관용적 표현
take place make room(자리를 내다) take part(참가하다)
make haste by birth lose sight of (시야에서 놓치다)
He is a musician by birth. (타고난 음악가)
+-----------------+
| 4.관사의 위치 |
+-----------------+
1. 원칙 : 명사 앞에 붙어 모든 수식어를 선행한다.
+------------------------------------+
| 1) 관사 + 형용사 + 명사 |
| 2) 관사 + 부사 + 형용사 + 명사 |
+------------------------------------+
He is a kind boy.
He is a very kind boy.
2. 예외 : 다음과 같은 말들과 결합할 때 예외적 위치
1) 형용사 + 관사 + 명사
+----------------------------------+
| [ all, both, double] + the + N |
+----------------------------------+
All the boys were present.
I paid double the price by mistake.
Both the brothers passed the exam.
+--------------------------------------------------+
| what, such, half |
| + a(n) + 형용사 + N |
| many, quite, rather |
+--------------------------------------------------+
such a book many a time
rather a fine book quite a sharp knife
half a century half a money (그 돈의 반)
2) 부사 + 형용사 + 관사 + 명사
+--------------------------------------------------+
| so, as , too, how, however + 형용사 + a(n) + N |
+--------------------------------------------------+
so short a time as fine a day ( - - 같이 좋은 날)
too small a bottle How kind a boy he is !
3) What a + 형용사 + 명사 - - (감탄문)
What a beautiful flower it is !
+-------------------+
| 1. 관사의 용법 |
+-------------------+
1.부정관사의 용법 (Indefinite Article)
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1) one 의 약한 뜻 (해석 않음) 5) per(마다,매) |
| 2) one (하나)의 뜻 6) the same (동일한) |
| 3) any,every의 뜻 7) such (이와같은) |
| 4) a certain (어떤) 8) 기타 |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
1) I want a book.
He is an English teacher.
2) Rome was not built in a day.
A bird in the hand is worth two in bush.
3) A horse is a useful animal.
= The horse is a useful animal.
= Horses are useful animals.
4) A Mr. Kim is waiting to see you.
A Mr. James came to see you.
5) I work eight hours a day.
He writes to me once a month.
6) We are of an age.
= We are (of) the same age.
= Our ages are the same.
Birds of a feather flock together.
7) I am not a man to take bribes.
8) in a hurry, at a loss, all of a sudden
on an average, have a mind to + Root ( - - 하고 싶다)
※ a + 자음 , an + 모음 (뒤에 오는 발음에 주의)
☞ an M.P. an hour, an aunt
a useful aniaml, a union, a European
2. 정관사의 용법 (Definite Article)
정관사의 용법 (1)
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1) 앞에서 언급된 명사 되풀이 |
| 2) 수식어로 한정될 때 (한정의 the) |
| 3) 전후관계로 상대방이 알고 있을 때 |
| 4) 유일 한것 |
| 5) 최상급형용사, 서수, same,very,only, last등에 |
| 6) 시간,수량단위 표시
| 7) 전치사 + the + 신체일부 |
| 8) 악기명, 발명품 |
| 9) 대표단수 |
| 10) the + 비교급, the + 비교급 |
| 11) 방위(동서남북) 표시 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
1) Here is a flower. The flower is a rose.
2) What is the price of this book ?
This is the book that I lost yesterday
cf) He is a teacher of our school. (많은 선생님들 중 하나)
3) Please open the window.
4) The sun is larger than the earth.
the world, the Bible, the universe, the sky, the Emperor
5) He is the richest man in this town.
What is the second day of the week ?
6) They are hired by the hour.
Sugar is sold by the pound.
7) +--------------------------------------------------------------+
| catch[ hold, take, seize, grasp] + 사람 + by the 신체일부 |
| strike [knock, beat, pat, hit] + 사람 + on the 신체일부 |
| look [stare] + 사람 + in the 신체일부 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
8) He played the piano after school. He invented the radio.
9) The dog is a faithful animal.
10) The more one has, the more one wants.
11) Turn to the right.
정관사의 용법 (2)
+---------------------------------------------+
| 1) the + 형용사 → 복수보통명사 |
| 2) the + 형용사 → 추상명사 |
| 3) the + 보통명사 → 추상명사 |
| 4) the + 복수명사는 전체를 나타냄 |
| 5) 형용사를 가진 고유명사 앞에서 |
| 6) such 또는 so의 뜻으로 |
| 7) 관용적 용법 |
+---------------------------------------------+
1) The rich are not always happier than the poor.
None but the brave deserve the fair.
2) He would often leave the right to pursue the expedient.
3) The pen is mightier than the sword.
4) They are the pictures of his own painting.
cf) They are (some) pictures of his own painting.
5) the noble Brutus
the virgin Mary
Alexander the Great
6) He is not the man to turn his back on a friend in need.
(= He is not such a man as will turn - - )
Will you have the goodness to show me the way ?
(= Will you be so good as to show - - - )
7) +----------------------------------------------------------+
|in the day time in the morning in the rain |
|in the distance in the way(방해되어) on the way |
|on the whole in the main (대체로) |
|to the point in the country |
|in the right (wrong) |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
The question is how to put the right man in the right place.
Your answer is not to the point. (요령있는,적절한)
※ 고유명사는 원칙적으로 관사 안붙임. 다음 경우에 예외로 the 붙임.
+----------------------------------------------+
| ① 신문, 잡지, 서적, 기타 정기간행물 |
| ② 선박, 철도, 항공기명 |
| ③ 병원,공공시설,관청 |
| ④ 강,바다,운하,해협 |
| ⑤ 반도,산맥, 군도, 복수형 국명 |
| ⑥ 가족, 국민 |
| ⑦ 고유명사에 형용사 올때 |
+----------------------------------------------+
① the Reader's Digest, the Oxford English Dictionary
② the May Flower, the Honamsun, the KAL
③ the Red Cross Hospital, the White House
④ the Thames, the Pacific, the Suez Canal, the Korean Straits
⑤ the Iberian Penisula, the Alps, the Philippiness
⑥ the Carnegies, the English
⑦ the famous Napoleon, the ambitious Caesar,the honest John
☞ 인명 앞에 일상적 형용사 올 때 무관사
Cruel Negro, Old Jack, Great Napoleon
☞ 공원, 정거장,거리,관청,호수, 만 등 공공건물,시설등이 고유명사의 이름을
동반할 때도 [the] 를 붙이지 않음.
Seoul Station, Hide Park, Wall Street, Madison Square,
London Bridge, Lake Como, Hudson Bay
+------------------+
| 3. 관사의 생략 |
+------------------+
관사의 생략 (1)
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| ① 호격 |
| ② 자기가족을 나타내는 명사(주로 대문자) |
| ③ 관직 신분표시가 ㉠ 고유명사 앞에서 칭호 처럼 쓰일 때 |
| ㉡ 고유명사 뒤에서 동격으로 쓰일 때 |
| ㉢ 불완전 동사의 보어로 쓰일 때 |
| ④ 양보구문에서 동사의 보어(N)가 문두에 올 때 |
| ⑤ man, woman이 일반인을 나타낼 때 |
| ⑥ 교통,통신 수단 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
① Boys, be quiet !
② Father is out, but Mother is at home.
Baby is sleeping in the cradle.
③ ㉠ President Reagan, Queen Elizabeth
㉡ Kennedy, President of the United States.
Mr.Kim Mayor of Seoul
㉢ They elected him President.
He was appointed Governor. (지사로 임명 되었다)
④ Woman as she is, she is strong.
(= Though she is a woman, she is strong)
⑤ Man is stronger than woman.
Man must change in a changing world.
⑥+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| air bicycle = on a bicycle |
| | plane = on a plane | bus = in a bus |
| by | steamer by | car = in a car |
| train express (급행으로) |
| |
| sea word of mouth(구두로) |
| | coach | telegram |
| by | taxi = in a taxi by | letter |
| | ship = on a ship | cable |
| | land | telephone |
| mail wireless (무선으로) |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
관사의 생략 (2)
+---------------------------------------------------+
| ⑦ 두개의 명사가 대조적으로 쓰일 때 |
| ⑧ 식사 이름, 병명, 운동 |
| ⑨ 명사가 실물이 아닌 다만 명칭으로 쓰일 때 |
| ⑩ 장소표시가 본래의 목적으로 쓰일 때 |
+---------------------------------------------------+
⑦ man and wife side by side arm in arm
from door to door from hand to mouth face to face
father and son day and night
⑧ He was late for supper.
I am suffering from cancer.
She plays tennis after school.
⑨ the rank of major (소령이라는 계급)
⑩ +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| in school (재학중) at the school (학교에서) |
| at school (수업중) go to school (공부하러 가다) |
| |
| in hospital (입원중) go to church |
| go to hospital (입원하다) go to the church |
| in the hospital(병원에서) at table |
| out of hospital(퇴원하다) at the table |
| |
| at sea (항해중) in prison(복역중) |
| go to sea (선원이 되다) go to prison(복역하다) |
| go to the sea go to the prison |
| |
| in bed(잠자고 있는) go to market (물건사러가다) |
| go to bed |
| go to the bed |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
cf) Tom goes to school at seven every morning.
Tom's mother went to the school to see Tom.
※ 관용적 표현
take place make room(자리를 내다) take part(참가하다)
make haste by birth lose sight of (시야에서 놓치다)
He is a musician by birth. (타고난 음악가)
+-----------------+
| 4.관사의 위치 |
+-----------------+
1. 원칙 : 명사 앞에 붙어 모든 수식어를 선행한다.
+------------------------------------+
| 1) 관사 + 형용사 + 명사 |
| 2) 관사 + 부사 + 형용사 + 명사 |
+------------------------------------+
He is a kind boy.
He is a very kind boy.
2. 예외 : 다음과 같은 말들과 결합할 때 예외적 위치
1) 형용사 + 관사 + 명사
+----------------------------------+
| [ all, both, double] + the + N |
+----------------------------------+
All the boys were present.
I paid double the price by mistake.
Both the brothers passed the exam.
+--------------------------------------------------+
| what, such, half |
| + a(n) + 형용사 + N |
| many, quite, rather |
+--------------------------------------------------+
such a book many a time
rather a fine book quite a sharp knife
half a century half a money (그 돈의 반)
2) 부사 + 형용사 + 관사 + 명사
+--------------------------------------------------+
| so, as , too, how, however + 형용사 + a(n) + N |
+--------------------------------------------------+
so short a time as fine a day ( - - 같이 좋은 날)
too small a bottle How kind a boy he is !
3) What a + 형용사 + 명사 - - (감탄문)
What a beautiful flower it is !