동사의 종류 (verbs)

동사의 종류 (verbs)

+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1 형식 : S + V (V는 완전자동사) |
| 2 형식 : S + V + C (V는 불완전자동사) S = C |
| 3 형식 : S + V + O (V는 완전타동사) S ≠ O |
| 4 형식 : S + V + IO + DO (V는 수여동사) |
| 5 형식 : S + V + O + C (V는 불완전타동사) O = C |
+---------------------------------------------------+

1. The sun rises.
2. He became a judge.
3. He bought a bicycle.
4. He teaches us English.
5. He made me happy.

1. 완전자동사 ( S + V : 1 형식)
1 형식의 대표적 문형


★☆ 주의 해야 할 자동사 (S + V ⇒ S + V + S.C)

2. 불완전자동사 ( S + V + C : 2 형식)

1. 동사가 상태를 나타내는 경우 (be 류)

ⓐ [ S 가 C 상태에 있다]
remain standing [ seated,silent, etc]
keep quiet [indoors,etc]
hold good [true]
stay awake [ single ]

ⓑ [ - - 처럼 보이다[들리다]] (지각동사)
look pale [ tired,etc ] feel [smooth,rough ,etc]
sound good [ reasonable] taste good [ sour, etc]

2. 동사가 변화를 나타내는 경우 (become 류)
[ S가 C의 상태로 변하다.[되다]]

get sick [ drunk,ready, etc]
fall asleep [ in love with, etc]
turn sour [pale, etc]
go bad [blind,etc]
come true
prove [ turn out ] best [ useful, etc]


☞ 불완전동사의 보어 ; ( ) 속의 부사는 틀림
+----------------------------------------------+
| He looks happy. (happily) |
| He remained faithful (faithfully) |
| It may sound strange. (strangely) |
| This apple tastes sweet. (sweetly) |
| She seems sad. (sadly) |
| This cloth feels smooth. (smoothly) |
| The man was born poor. (poorly) |
+----------------------------------------------+


3. 완전타동사 ( S + V + O : 3형식)

1. 목적어의 다양한 해석
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ① [- - 을[를]] 3형식 문장 대부분 |
| ② [- - 와] : marry, date, resemble, etc |
| ③ [ - - 에게] : suit,become,fit,remind,convince, 공급동사류 etc |
| ④ [ - - 에게서] 탈취동사 (rob) etc |
| ⑤ [ - - 에] : reach, approach, climb, etc |
| ⑥ [ - - 의] : pat a child on the head, look him in the eyes etc |
| ⑦ 기타 :command[(장소가) - -을 내려다 보이다] |
| resemble each other, enjoy oneself, etc |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

① She likes him but doesn't love him.
② Jane is going to marry John.
③ Does this skirt suit me ? ☞ 목적어가 될 수 있는 품사는?
④ They robbed him of his watch. - (대)명사및 그 상당어귀
⑤ He failed his driving test.
⑥ He held me by the sleeve.
⑦ The house commands a fine view.


2. 타동사구
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ① 동사 + 전치사 |
| depend on, laugh at, look at, care for, etc |
| ② 동사 + 부사 |
| call off(cancel) , bring up (rear), make out( understand) |
| ③ 동사 + 부사 + 전치사 |
| look down on (=despise), do away with (= abolish) etc |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

① We cannot rely on (= trust) him.
② She turned down (= declined) his offer.
③ She has always looked up to.(= respected) her father.
④ They lost sight of the ship in the fog.

3. 재귀대명사

+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-재귀동사로만 쓰이는 것. -----------------------------------+ |
| | absent onself from = be absent from = be absented from | |
| | present onself at = be present at = be presented at | |
| | apply oneself to = be applied to (--- 에 전력하다) | |
| | engage oneself in = be engaged in (- -에 종사하다) | |
| | seat oneself = be seated = sit | |
| | occupy oneself in = be occupied in (- - 하느라 바쁘다) | |
| | pride oneself on, praise oneself | |
| | = take pride in = be proud of | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-- 재귀목적어가 없어도 무방한것 ------------------------------+ |
| | prepare oneself (준비하다), oversleep oneself (늦잠자다) | |
| | dress oneself (옷을입다) , wash oneself (몸을 씻다) | |
| | shave oneself (면도하다) , hide oneself (숨다) | |
| | behave oneself(처신하다) , overwork oneself (과로하다) | |
| | overeat oneself (과식하다) | |
| +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +--- 관용적인 것 -----------------------------------------------+ |
| | help oneself to ( - -을 들다) , flatter oneself(우쭐대다) | |
| | enjoy oneself(즐거운 시간을 보내다) | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+


4.동족목적어
☞ 동사와 어원이 같은 목적어

4. 수여동사 (4형식 ; S + V + IO + DO )

+------ * 4형식을 3형식으로 고치기 ---------+
| S + V + IO + DO ⇒ S + V + DO + 전치사 + IO|
+---------------------------------------------+

① SVO + to + O
I offered the old man my seat.
→ I offered my seat to the old man. (방향)
☞ give,bring,send,offer,pass,show,hand,tell,owe,pay,teach -

② SVO + for + O
Father bought me a book.
→ Father bought a book for me.
☞ buy,make,cook,order,choose,build - - - ( 봉사)

③ SVO + of + O
Students asked the teacher many questions.
→ Students asked many questions of the teacher.
☞ 단,inquire [beg,demand,require] of + IO + DO
The man inquired of me the way to the station. (○)
→ The man inquired me the way to the station. (×)

④ SVO + on + O
He played me a trick.
= He played a trick on me.
☞ play,bestow,confer,inflict - - -


☞ 반드시 목적어를 2개 갖는동사(3형식으로의 전환 불가)
+------------------------------------------------------+
|envy,spare,pardon,answer,save,cost,forgive |
|암기:ESPASCoF |
| spare me much money. answer me my question. |
| save me much trouble. pardon me my sin. |
+------------------------------------------------------+
5. 불완전타동사 ( S + V + O + OC : 5형식)

+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 주요 5형식 동사 |
| 1. make 류 [ O 를 C상태로 이르게 하다] |
| ☞ make,keep, leave, call, name,elect,choose, appoint |
| paint, set, drive |
| 2. think 류 [O가 C라고 생각하다] |
| ☞ think, believe, find,know,consider |
| ① 주로 <(to be) 형용사,명사>를 보어로 삼음 |
| ② 절로 고칠 수 있음 |
| 3. 지각동사 [ O가 C하는 것을 보다(느끼다 - -) ] |
| ☞ see, watch, observe, hear, feel, smell |
| 4. 사역동사 [ O에게 C 하도록 시키다] |
| ☞ make, have, let + root |
| ※ get, cause, drive + to - root |
| 5. want류 [ O가 C하는 것을 원하다[명하다,허락,강요하다]] |
| ☞ want, wish, like, order, ask, allow, compel,force, |
| enable, persuade |
| 주로 to + root를 목적어로 취함. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

1. Can you make yourself understood in English ?
2. I believe him innocent.
3. I saw him enter the room.
4. Her joke made us all laugh.
5. I want you to be careful.
I found him a good boy.(Ⅴ)
cf) |
I found him a good job.(Ⅳ)

+----- 동사의 문형 변화 ----------------+
| (1) He made toward the church. |
| (2) She will make a good wife. |
| (3) God made man. |
| (4) She made me a box. |
| (5) He made her his wife. |
+----------------------------------------+

☞ will not, cannot + have ∼ing [ ∼ 하는 것을 용납 하지 않다]
I will not have him cleaning his bike in the washroom.
6.혼동하기 쉬운 동사 활용

+-------------------------------------------------------+
| lie - lied - lied - lying (거짓말하다) |
| lie - lay - lain - lying (눕다,놓여있다) vi. |
| lay - laid - laid - laying (눕히다,놓다) vt. |
| fall - fell - fallen (떨어지다) |
| fell - felled - felled ( 넘어뜨리다) |
| wind - wound - wound (감다) |
| wound - wounded - wounded (상하게하다) |
| sit - sat - sat (앉다 vi) |
| seat - seated - seated (앉히다, vt) |
| fly - flew - flown (날다) |
| fry - fried - fried (튀기다) |
| fly(flee) - fled - fled (도망치다) |
| saw - sawed - sawed (톱질하다) |
| sew - sewed - sewn,sewed (꿰메다) |
| sow - sowed - sown,sowed (씨뿌리다) |
| find - found - found (찾아내다) |
| found - founded - founded (설립하다) |
| hang - hung - hung (걸다,걸리다,드리우다) |
| hang - hanged - hanged (교수형에 처하다) |
| rise - rose - risen (뜨다,일어나다) |
| raise - raised - raised (들어올리다) |
+-------------------------------------------------------+



_____________________
동사의 다양한 용법
______________________

1 타동사로 혼동하기 쉬운 자동사(자동사 + 전치사 = 타동사구)
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| start from = leave arrive at = reach |
| complain of(about) get to |
| reply to = answer wait for = await |
| account for = explain add to = increase |
| object to - - ing appeal to = attract |
| speak to = address(말을 걸다) think of (생각이 나다) |
| cooperate with(협력하다) hit on = strike |
| occur to (생각이 떠오르다) |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
He started from Seoul.(=left) A goood idea occurred to me.(vi)
She arrived at the station ( = reached) I hit upon a good idea.(vi)
She waited for her son.(=awaited) A good idea hit me.(vt)
I struck on a good idea.(vi)
A good idea struck me.(vt)

2.자동사로 혼동하기 쉬운 타동사(전치사와 함께못씀) ( )속의 전치사 틀림
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| discuss (about) - talk about resemble (with) |
| mention (about) accompany (with) |
| |
| announce (about) answer (to) - reply to |
| reach (at,to) - arrive at excel (over) |
| approach (to) survive (from,than) |
| marry (with) inhabit (in) |
+------------------------------------------------------------+

His wife survived him [by] a few years.
☞ enter - go into
enter into - start, sympathize with

attend - 에 참석하다.
attend to - 에 주의를 기울이다.
attend on - 시중들다.(serve)

3. 수여동사로 혼동하기 쉬운 타동사(전치사 + 사람 = 부사구)(3 형식동사)
+-----------------------------------------+ propose,say
| She explained the meaning to me. | relate, mention + to 사람
| He described the scene to her. | speak, demonstrate
| She suggested another plan to us. | admit
| He announced this to them. |
| She introduced me to him. |
+-----------------------------------------+
☞ 부사구를 타동사 뒤에 연결 가능
* He confessed the fact to his teacher.
= He confessed to his teacher the fact.
* He admitted to her that she was right.

4. 공급동사
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| 동사 + O (사람) + with + 사물 = 동사 + 사물 + for(to) + 사람|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
* The cow provides us with milk.
= The cow provides milk for us.
* He presented me with a watch.
= He presented a watch to me.
* She supplied the hungry with food.
= She supplied food for the hungry.
* Nature has endowed him with no tact.
= Nature has endowed no tact to him.

5. V + O(사람) + of,from,for + 사물
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|① rob ② remind |
| deprive inform |
| rid + A + of + B warn + A + of + B |
| clear (분리) convince |
| cure assure |
| |
|③ stop ④ scold |
| keep blame |
| prevent + A + from + B punish + A + for + B |
| prohibit (방지) thank (이유) |
| cf) forbid A + to + B |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+

① Someone robbed me of my watch.
The angry people deprived the king of his power.
② She always reminds me of my mother.
Please inform me of departure.
③ He scolded his son for his carelessness.
He will blame you for neglecting your duty.
④ The rain kept me from coming.
We prevented the fire from spreading.
cf) He forbade his son to marry.

6. 특수형태 동사
① be + 형용사 + 전치사
be afraid of be ashamed of
be doubtful of be desirous of
be productive of be convinced of
be anxious for be longing for

② V + 동작파생명사
make an appearance make a start
make an allowance for make a search for
make a return to make a schedule of
make a denial of make an answer to

have a liking for have a dream of
have a look at have an interest in
have an influence on have respect to

take breath take a dislike to
take (catch) hold of take a trip
take a nap take a ride

give a laught at
pay a visit pay attention to